Chuck



Dec. 22, 1931. B w. sUNDE 1,837,688

Dec. 2.2,A 1931.

l B, w. suNDE CHUCK Filed Jan. 14, ,1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 BENJAMIN w. sUND?E, or LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA, AssIGNoR To BLACKWELL AND- sUNDE, INCORPORATED, or LONG BEAcH',-cALrroRNIA, A

Patented Dec.Y 22, 1931A muren s'rivrasI FORNIA PATENT ori-uca;

conronAToN Yor GALI-v CBTUCK Application inea January 1:1,"1929.'Y serial ivo/332,483.

This invention has to dofwith a chuck and it is a general object of the invention to provide a chuck or gripping device embodying mechanical and iiuid pressureclampingmeans. A Y f y y It is often necessaryjto clamp pipe, or

other articles in a. `chuck with great forcev to grip them securely enoughto perform certain types of work. For instance, when it' is desired to uncouple'parts of a well drilling string after the string has beenused in drilloperations.l and the jointshave become set, it is the general practice to break or loosen rthe joints by clamping one part 1n a chuck and securely gripping the'other part securely and dependably grip objects for the class of work above referredto.

Another object of this invention is topravide a chuck having interconnected manual means operabletoactuate gripping aws and fluid pressure means operable to coopera-te with the manual means in operating the jaws.

Y Another object of this invention is to pro# vide a device of the character mentioned having fluid pressure-jaw actuatingv means embodying a pressure accumulator, fwhereby t j j l includes a central annular .recess in the pressure is maintained on the jaws.

' Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the character mentioned above in which the manual clampingmeans and the fluid pressure clamping means may be operated separately., l Y Another object of the invention is to provide a unitary device of the character mentioned embodying' means to develop fluid pressure.

The various objects and features of my invention will be best and more fully ,under-g stood from the following detailed description of a typical preferred form of the invention, throughout which description reference ofV this invention is had "tof the vaccompanyingV drawings in which: V

Fig. 1 ,is a face or front elevation of the device provided by this. invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged detailed sectional View taken as indicated by line 2 2; on Fig. 1. g Fig.,3 is a detailed sectional view taken as indicated by the 'line 343 on Figa-2.` Fig,` 4 is an en- Vlarged detailed sectional View similar to a portion of Fig. '2 showinga diflerentvpo'si tioning ofthe parts. 'Y Fig. 5V is a rear view of the device, and Fig. 6 is an enlarged detailed sectionalview taken as indicated by line 6%',6 on Fig. 5. W

The device includes, generally, a body lO to be mounted on the spindle of a lathe or the like, jaws ll carried by theV body to grip work'such as a pipe, or the like, manual means C operable' to actuate the jaws, and fluid pressure means D operable to actuate the jaws.

be embodied in different forms. In the following detailed description a typical preferred form of the inventionV will'bedescribed. The 'body 10 of the preferredV form of the invention is annular in its general configuration and is in the formof a plate havl'Ihe'device provided by this inventiondmay ing front and rear sides A and B, respectivfel'y; The body is provided with a central opening 14' adapted to pass the work.VV `The body may be provided with suitable means 'for mounting it on a lathe or like machine.

Inv the construction illustrated this means rear side of the body to receive the centering or face-plate ofthe lathe or machine, and spaced bolt holes 16 extending'transversely through the body adjacent the periphery of the recess.v 1

Yas

The clampingjaws 11 provided to'gripl the work are carried in spaced openings or guidewaysl? provided in therbody. The guideways are symmetrically disposed around the center of the body and are disposed to carry Vthe-jaws'` so that they'V move radiallywith reference to the Central axis of the body. There may be any number of jaws and guideways to carrythe jaws. In thepreferred form of the invention illustrated in the drawingsl'have three jaws equally .spaced .around 'the axis ofv the body. Each of the body. The plate 21 closesthe guidel waysatthe rear of the body.

The gripping element 19 is adapted tov be detachablymounted in eitherof two positiens on the block,- one position being on the inner end of the block 18 and the other on the rontside ot the block-18. The inner. facel 19"*'of the element 19is provided with gripping.V parts o r dies 27 provided with teeth 28 adaptedto vgrip the work. The dies 27 are carried in openings 19b inthe inner tace 19aV ofY the gripping ,element so thattheir teeth projecty beyondr the gripping element.. Y

y Each el-ement 19 is adapted to be attached to the block 18 by means of a bolt 23 adapted to screw'threadinto either'ofv two openings the block 18.51 When the element-19 is at the inner end of the block 18, the `bolt 23 threads into'an opening 24 inv an inward extension 215 of the block. `Vhen theele'ment 19 is in thishposition engages the eXtending'part-f25 andv also Ytheinner end 26 ofthe block A/lcllange 30 isfprovided onthe outer sideof the gripping element and fits in l 'a recess 31 in the block 18.

- When the gripping element 19 is attached toV the-front 18b of the block 18 the bolt 23 screw'thr-eads into an opening 32 in the block andclamps the element 19 against the front of the block 18. A brace 33 may be provided to further hold the gripping element in position onthefront of the block.A The brace 33 may be in the-formof abraclet-'like member to be .attached to thek outer part of the gripping element byv means of a bolt 34 screw threaded into the gripping block.' The brace fits'the corner formed between the outer part of theelement 19 and the front 18b of the block 18. The brace is provided with afrecess 35to receive a flange 36 on theblock 18. The `outer end 29 of the'brace engages the inner face ofthe flange 30. The manual operable means C for actuating the jaws includes screws 37, one operating each jaw. Each screw-37 has, generally, athreaded body` 38,a head 39 at the Vouter end ofthe body 38, a stern 40 projecting outwardly from the head. The threaded b ody 38 o tthe'screw extends longitudinally through. the guideway and threads into an opening'QO formed in the j aw block 18." The opening 20' and the screw 37 carried inthe opening, are arrangedv'parallel with the sides of .the block `18. That is, they are radially enlargement of the screw and hasl an outer llie'stem"4()y of the screw is in the form-'of an extension projecting outwardlyV froI-nthe head to a point beyond the peripheryof the 10.V The stem 4() is round in cross section and passes through an opening 42 provided in' a' wall 42a in the'outer end of the body.4 Af Vcollar. 40alis .provided on the stem and engages the periphery `of Vthe body 10'. The outer end ofthe stem is provided with flat faces adapted to be' engaged by awrench or like operating tool.

The operating screws may ings the ring. gear 4'3is'slidablycarried in an annular groove 44 inthe 'rear B of the body 10.V I The groove isclosed by the plate 21. The ring gear is provided with aflat rear side 82 which slidably engages' the innerace 1 83 vof the plate 21, and ifs'further provided with, a flat inner side 84 which engages the inner side. 85 ofthe groove 44. The ring gear 43 is arranged tomesh with gears 45 'ormed o n the heads'39 of thesc'rews 37. The portions of ythe guideways 17 housing the heads 39 of the screws and the gears l45a`re closed by means vo fan annular plate 46 mounted on the front of the body 10.

The fluid pressure vactuating means inshoulder 90 forming an abutment for a piston Y 41 carried in the stem 40.

'Ity

be interconnected cooperate simultaneously when any one cludes, generally, a plunger or Vpiston 41 on each screw 37,1 cyli'nders l47 formed inthe body coaxial withfthe guideways 117, and a fluid pressure conn ,ction' 7 O between the cylinders. f

` Eachcylinder 47 vis outward ofiorbeyond the guideway 17 andlis-closed at its outer end. The stem 40ct they screw extends longitudinally through the cylinder 47 and passes'out of the cylinder throughthe opening 42' in the wall 42a. `The outer end jof the cylinder'fis sealed by means of a cup washer or cup leather 48 maintained 'in sealing position by means of a ring 49.4 The ring49is held by meansl of screws 50, screw threaded into the ring 'and extending outwardly through the body to the. periphery of lthe body. washer 48 is provided with flanges which engage the stem and the wall ofthe cylinder.

'l`hepiston41 isyxed on the stem 40 Vto slidably move within the cylinder 47. The

The

threaded onV the stem and clamps the section 51 against the shoulder 90. A cupped washer or leather 53 is carried between the two secv tions of the piston, and is arranged with its l flanges ei'itendlngV outwardly 1n engagement the outer end of the cylinder, when the screw,

a piece of work. Y

Y Thevfluid pressure connection 70 includes a pipe 7 0a at the rear of the body. The pipe connects with the outer end portions of the several cylinders through ports 56.y The `invention provides means for supply- 37 is operated to clamp the block 18v against ing fluid pressure to the construction above' described. I have shown a pump 60, a reser- Voir 6ll for holding a suitable liquid, and a pressure accumulator 62. These .parts are preferably mounted on the rear of the body.

fThe pumlpmay be a hand-operated plunger type of pump as shown in the drawings. The pump illustrated includes a cylinder 63, a plunger 63a, an operating handle 64, intake valve chest 65, an outlet valve chest 66, and other parts commonly found in pumps of this type.

The reservoir illustrated is mounted on the body l() by means of straps 68.V The reservoir is connected to the intake valve chest of the pump 60 by means of a pipe connection92; v-

` l i The pressure connection'pipe 70a extends around the rear side of the body and is con nected with the outlet valve chest of the pump. A return connection 94 having a control valve 95 connects the connection 70 with the pipe 92 so that fluid may be allowed to discharge from the cylinders into the reservoir.

' The pressure accumulator 62 provided 'to maintain pressure in the connection a after the pump has been operated is mounted on the body l0, and is connected with the'connection 70. The accumulator includes a mounting bracket 72 consisting of a base portion 72a and a flangeV portion 72b extending outwardly from the base portion. The base portion 72a is mounted on. the body l0 by means of bolts 73. A cylinder 74 projects from the flange part 72bof the-bracket 72. The cylinder carries a piston'or plunger 7 6. The piston projects from the inner end ofthe cylinder through the flange part 72b of the bracket. The connection pipe 7 O"JL enters the outer end of the cylinder. The projecting portion of the plunger carries a cross head 77 fixed on the plunger by means of a nut 78. The cross head 77 is guided by means of guides 79 in the form of bolts projecting from the flan'geportion of .the bracket.y A

stop plate 80 iscarried onthe outer'ends y"of the guides79'. Heavy'coil springsSl are 'car` ried betweenthe cross head 77 and the sto' plate 80 by the guides 79. The cross head is slidably guided by the' guides 7 9,V and isu'rged inwardly by the springs -81.' The plunger `acts against the fluid inthe pipe line, and

as the pressureincreases -inthe pipe line the plunger 'is forced inwardly inthe cylinderA and the springs 8l are further compressed.

@In operation thedevice is mountedon a lathe or like machine, Vand the object to VKbe gripped by the chuck is arranged between the Y jaws ll. The jaws 11 are actuated against' the object by turningone of the screws 17' which causes theV ring gear 43 to actuate'the other screws therebyl simultaneously operating'all ofthe jaws toenga'ge `the object.

Vfhen the screws have actuated the 'jaws against the lobject untilthescrews are idilli-y cult to move manually andit isdesiredto more securely grip the object, fluid pressure is developed by actuating the'pump 60,".ir'stv making certain that the valve 95 is closed. The pressure developedy by the pump' 60 `is directly applied to the pistons 4l throughV the connection 70. The fluid pressu're'exerted againstthe `pistons `4l tends to* urge the( jaws l1, carried by the screws,'against `the object-engaged by the-jaws. Great pressure can be exerted on the pistons 41 by this means and this pressure is directed against the object gripped by thejaws. The fluid pressure actingV directlyv on the screws l37 puts 4the screws 37 under a high'compression strain.

When the jaws are actuated by the manual` means to grip the work, Vthe threads ofthe screws 37 react with the threadsof the open# ing 2O to cause the screws to move outwardly as far asthe `play or clearance in the mechanism permits. `It will be obvious that the screws are forced to their outermost positions when rotated so that the jaws are in pressure engagement with the part to be gripped." ,In

practice theA parts, including the ringA gear 43 and pinions`4'5, are iitted'so Vthat the screws are allowed a certain amount of longitudinal 'Y movement. When Vit is desired to grip. a piece Vof work more securely or firmly than ispos-f sible by means of the screw or manual means,

fluid under pressure is delivered to the cylin-`r ders 47 toact onnthe pistons 52. Thescrews having been moved outwardly as faras possible When the manual means was tightened,

are in position to bemoved inwardly under the influence of the, fluid pressureenough to tighten theV gripon the work. To remove 1 the fluid pressure from the pistons the valve 95 is opened allowing the fluid to flow into the reservoir. The pressure accumulator 72 maintains the pressure inthe connection'7() and the cylinders`47 when fluidpressurel is employed. j. v

Y Having described Lonly a typical preferred form of myinvention, I ldo notwish tolimit initially actuate the jaws, and liuid pressure means operable to actuate the jaws after actu-V bodyinterconnectedmanual means operable to simultaneously initially ac tuate the jaws. andyluidpressure meansin the body oper-- able to actuate the jaws'afteractuation by the manual means. d s

v2. A chuck ofthe-characterdescribed in- Y cluding, a body,'clamping jaws slidably car* ried by the. body to move radially ofy the body,

means; manually operable to simultaneously ationby the manual means, said fluid pres-V sure means including a piston connected to a jawfand operable ina cylinder in the body.

` 3. A devceof the character described in- I cluding, a body,rclamping jaws carried by the body to moveradially of the axis of the body,

. of` twov sections, oneV section screw threaded on means .manually operable to; initially actuate the jaws and including ascrewfandlluid pressure -means operable to actuate the jaws after actuation by the 'manual means, the

. fluid pressure means includinga piston on the screw. f v v f 4. A device ofthe-character described including,`a bod.y,clamping jaws slidably carried by thebody, means manually voperable to initially actuate they jaws. including, a screw threaded member threadedv into a clamping jaw,and yfluid pressure means operable to actuate the jaws after actuation by the manual means including a piston on the screw threaded member yoperable in a cylindergin the body. o L j k5. A device of the character described including, a body,fclamping jaws slidably carried bythe body, afscrew. radially disposed within the body operable toinitially actuate a jaw radially ofthe body, and fluid pressure means for operatingthe jaw after actuation bythemanual means including a piston to opcrateradially of the'xaxis of. the body in a cylinder inthe body, said piston being formed the screw.,` Y Y 6. In a device ofthe characterdescribed, a body, a plurality of clamping jaws slidably carried by the body to operate radially of the body, means manually operable to'simultaneously initiallyA actuate the clamping jaws,

said means includingv screws radially disposedV within the body adapted V'to engage a xjaw, aring lgear carriedvby the body, and a pinion on each screw meshing with the gear, andvliuid pressure meansoperable to actuate thejaws after actuation bythe manual means including a piston to operate radiallyV of .the body in a cylinder in the body.

7 In archuck, a body, a plurality of clamp# ing j aws slidably carried by the body, each jaw including a block and gripping element detachably mounted on the block, and fluid pressure ymeans on the body to operate the jaws including a plurality of pistons operable in cylinders in the body, and members connecting the pistonsto the blocks. 8. In a chuck, a body, a plurality of clamping-jaws slidably carried bythe body, each jaw including, a block and a gripping ele-` ment detachably mounted on the block, dies.V in the gripping element, fluid pressuremeans to operate each jaw including piston operable in a cylinder in the body, and a member directly connected to the jaw andfcar-rying the piston, said member acting undercom-` pression when the j aw is actuated.

' 9. In a device of the characterdescribed, a body,'a plurality of' clamping vjaws'slidably carried by the body tofmove radially of the body, each jaw including a block and' a gripping element detachably mounted on the block, meansrmanujally operable to initially actuatevthe jaws including, a screviT radially disposed inthe body, fluid ypressure means to actuate the jaws after actuation by themanual means-including,a piston, a member lto act under compression connecting the piston andsaid screw, the said piston being carried directlf on said member. v v j e l0. n a chuck of the character described, a body, gripping jaws carried by the body,

sak

interconnected manual means to simultaneously-actuate the griping jaws, -lluidpressuremeans to actuate the gripping jaws after actuation by the manual means, and means on the body to develop Huid pressure for actuating the fluid pressure means,

1l. In a chuck of the'character described, aV body, gripping jaws carried yby Vthe body, manual means to initially actuatethe gripf ping jaws,'luid' pressure means in thebody to kactuate the Lgripping jaws after actuation by the manual means including-a piston car-V ried i-n the body and means connecting the piston and a grippingfjaw, and means on'the body to develop fluid pressure, said means including a reservoir, anda pump.v v l l2. Ina device of the character described,

a body, gripping jaws carried by the body, in-

terconnectedmanual means to initiallyy actu- I ate the gripping aws, fluid pressure means toV v actuate the jaws after actuation bythe manual means including, a piston carried in acyl- Vinder in the body, and means connecting the piston and a gripping jaw, and means on the body to develop fluid pressure including, a reservoir, a pump, a pipe line connecting the reservoir, pump, and the cylinder, and a pres-'- sure .accumulator in the pipe line.

13. yIn a device of the character described,l a body, gripping jaws carried by the body,

fluid pressure means to actuate the jaws including, a piston carried in a cylinder in the body and means connecting the piston and a gripping jaw, means on the body to develop fluid pressure including, a reservoir, a pump a pipe line connecting the reservoir, pump, and the cylinder, and a pressure accumulator in the pipe line, said accumulator having a spring actuated plunger.

14. In a device of the character described, a body, gripping jaws carried by the body, fluid pressure means to actuate the jaws including, a piston carried in a cylinder in the body, means connecting the piston and a gripping jaw, means on the body to develop fluid pressure including a reservoir, a pump, a pipe line connecting the reservoir, pump, and the cylinder, and a pressure accumulator in the pipe line, said accumulator including, a cylinder, a plunger in the cylinder, and a spring urging the plunger against the Huid.

15. In a device of the character described, a body, a plurality of gripping jaws carried by the body, each gripping jaw having a block with an end and a side, gripping elements adapted to be detachably mounted on either the ends or the sides of the jaws, fluid pressure means on the body to simultaneously actuate the jaws, and means von the body to develop fluid pressure including, a pump to develop pressure, a reservoir for Huid, and a pressure accumulator.

16. In a device of the character described, a body, gripping jaws slidably carried by the body, means manually operable to initially actuate the gripping jaws including a memi ber having-a screw threaded body, a head `and a stem projecting from the head, the screw threaded body being screw threaded into a gripping jaw and the stem extending beyond the body, fluid pressure means operable to actuate the jaws after their actuation by the manual means including a piston mounted on the stem, and means on the body to develop Huid pressure for operating the piston. In witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my namethis 2nd day of December, 1928.

BENJAMIN W. SUNDE. 

